A 30-year-old female with irritable bowel syndrome presents with predominant symptom of diarrhea. Which of the following will be helpful in her treatment?

1. Loperamide
2. Lactulose
3. Lubiprostone
4. Sorbitol

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A 40-year-old obese bank accountant presents with complaints of excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue. His spouse reports that he has loud snoring and early morning tiredness. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The patient is most likely suffering from obstructive sleep apnea.
2. The diagnosis requires CT/MRI of the neck.
3. Treatment of choice is Zolpidem.

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Although different triage systems have been used as a part of disaster response, the most common classification uses the following internationally accepted four-colour code system:

1. Black
2. Green
3. Red
4. Yellow

Which one among the following correctly represents the descending order (from the highest to the lowest) of priority for medical care and transportation to health centres?

Consider the following advices to be given by the ASHA to Mrs. M (assuming pregnancy has been confirmed) regarding personal hygiene measures:

1. Minimum 12 hours sleep at a stretch at night
2. Avoid resting immediately after mid-day meals
3. Avoid intake of extra fluids to avoid constipation
4. Avoid taking purgatives like castor oil to relieve constipation

How many of the four advices listed above are correct?

From the data given in the case scenario, consider if the lady's pregnancy would fall under a high-risk' pregnancy on account of

1. Her age
2. Her height and parity
3. Her haemoglobin level

Mrs. M's pregnancy qualifies as a 'high-risk' pregnancy under which of the above parameters?

Assuming that a pregnancy was confirmed, the ASHA informed Mrs. M that she should take iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation for a minimum of X days during her pregnancy period, under the Government's Anaemia Mukt Bharat Programme. Which one among the following best represents the X?

Once the confirmation of the pregnancy is done, consider the following statements regarding the registration of pregnancy:

1. It is to be done as soon as possible, and within 12 weeks.
2. It is to be done as soon as possible, once 12 weeks are complete.
3. It is the primary responsibility of the ASHA.
4. It is the primary responsibility of the ANM.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which one among the following test kits available under the National Health Programme can the ASHA use for the confirmation of pregnancy in this case?

What is/are the most appropriate treatment(s) for the infant?

1. Give 1^st dose of intramuscular antibiotics.
2. Refer the child urgently to hospital and advise mother to continue breastfeeding.
3. Advise mother to give frequent sips of ORS on the way.
4. Teach mother to treat local infection and send home with advice for a follow-up after 2 days.

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Which one of the following is correct regarding the classification of the infant as per the IMNCI guidelines?

Which of the following vaccines are live vaccines?

As per the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), the goal is to provide every rural household with a functional household tap connection that delivers at least how many liters of tap water per capita per day (lpcd)?

As per the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016-2030), which one of the following has to be achieved by the year 2027?

Which of the following drugs have been used as part mass drug administration (MDA) for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in some or more districts of India?

1. Albendazole
2. Diethylcarbamazine
3. Ivermectin
4. Metronidazole

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All of the following correctly represent the basic criteria for identifying 'at risk' infants, except

A 10-week-old infant was taken to a primary health centre by his/her mother for vaccination. The infant has taken all the doses as per the recommended schedule of immunization at 6 weeks. The infant was prescribed pentavalent and Rotavirus vaccine. After 3 days of getting the vaccine, the mother reported to the PHC that the infant has suffered an episode of epilepsy. On enquiring, it was found that the infant had a history of two epileptic episodes in the week prior to immunization, i.e., the 9th week. Considering the scenario, which one of the following statements is correct regarding this adverse event following immunization (AEFI)?

Which one among the following terms best fits the description "the entire gamut of preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitative services for the protection of society from antisocial, criminal or deviant conduct of man"?

Consider the following organizations of importance in the history of international health:

1. The Health Organization of the League of Nations
2. The Pan American Sanitary Bureau
3. The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
4. The World Health Organization

Which one of the following represents the correct chronological order (from the oldest to the newest) of the establishment of these organizations?

Which one of the following statements regarding sex chromosomes in the human body is correct?

Leukemia', as an occupational cancer, is most commonly related to the exposure to which one of the following industrial chemicals?

A 42-year-old male industrial worker presented to a health centre with complaints of diminished working capacity, and debilitating respiratory complaints including chronic irritant cough, severe dyspnea on exertion and occasional pain in chest. He gave an occupational history of working in the same industry since the onset of adulthood till date. An X-ray of the chest showed 'snowstorm' appearance in the lung fields. High resolution radiographic imaging showed dense nodular fibrosis in the lungs. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis for this case?

An adult is weighing 80 kg and having a height of 1-6 meters. Under which category does the individual fall as per the WHO classification of BMI?

Which one of the following most appropriately describes the 'tracking' phenomenon of blood pressure?

As per the National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey India (2015-2019), which one of the following is the most common cause of blindness in India?

A 12-year-old boy presented to a health centre in Telangana along with his parents, with complaints of recurrent diarrhea, and skin changes on areas of the body exposed to sunlight. There is a history of progressive disorientation and increasing irritability. The child and his family ate sorghum cereal, there was very little consumption of milk and no consumption of foods of animal origin like meat, though the family is not strictly vegetarian by food habit. Consider the following plans of action:

1. Absolute avoidance of milk in the child's diet
2. Encouraging shift of cereal consumption from sorghum to maize
3. Encouraging consumption of meat in the child’s diet, if the family can afford
4. Supplementation with nicotinic acid or nicotinamide

Which of the plans of action given above are correct?

As per the WHO expert group, the cutoff point of haemoglobin in venous blood for the diagnosis of anaemia in adult males is

To be effective, the size of the openings in the mosquito net should not exceed

Horrocks apparatus was used to find out the dose of bleaching powder required to disinfect the water in a well. The 3rd cup in the Horrocks apparatus showed the distinct blue colour. How much bleaching powder (good quality) will be required to disinfect the well, for every 455 liters of water?"

A doctor receives a telephonic call from the mother of an 8-year-old boy, who informs that the boy has just been bitten by a monkey. The child was playing with his friends when a group of monkeys appeared nearby. Some of the children shouted and threw sticks and stones at the monkeys, who became angry and aggressive. One of the monkeys bit the lady's son in the forearm and blood is visible over the wound. The nearest health facility is 3 kilometers away. Consider the following statements regarding how the doctor should respond:

1. Advise the mother to rush with the child to the health facility without waiting for anything.
2. Advise the mother to first thoroughly wash the wound with plenty of soap and running water for at least 15 minutes, and then seek treatment.
3. Advise the mother that the animal bite is category I and risk is very low, as the bite was provoked.
4. Advise the mother to seek treatment for the boy's wound but the boy requires no treatment or prophylaxis for rabies as it is a monkey bite.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

'Inoculation rate', an important vector index for malaria survey, is correctly defined as

A person had undergone the serology for suspected hepatitis B infection. His/Her serology shows the presence of HBs antigen and also IgG anti-HBc along with the presence of anti-HBe, while HBe antigen is negative. Which one of the following diagnoses is the correct interpretation of the serology results?

Which one of the following fertility-related statistics most appropriately gives the approximate magnitude of 'completed family size?

Which one of the following statements regarding sample registration system is not correct?

Which of the following correctly represent late expanding', i.e., the third stage in the demographic cycle?

The parameter which provides an estimate of the amount by which the disease under study can be reduced in a population, if the suspected factor is eliminated from that population, is called

In a given population of 10000, there were 30 cases of diabetes already present on 01/01/2025 and in the year 2025, 400 more cases developed diabetes. But 10 cases of diabetes died in the year 2025, i.e., before 31/12/2025. Which one of the following statements is correct regarding the disease situation?

The changes that the malarial parasite undergoes in the mosquito represent which one of the following types of biological transmission?

In a historical study, the death rate among heavy smokers was 224 per 1 lakh person-years while among non-smokers was 10 per 1 lakh person-years. The death rate in the general population was 74 per 1 lakh person-years. Which one among the following best represents the attributable risk of smoking for mortality in the given scenario?

In a given set of conditions, a screening test has 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity for screening a particular disease. The prevalence of the disease at the given time in that population is 10%. Which one of the following statements regarding positive predictive value of the test is correct?

As per the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development', the target '3-4' refers to which one of the following?

A person meets with an accident and as a result of which, the person loses his/her right arm, because of which the person is not able to drive the car to reach his/her office, and has to hire a driver for the same. The given condition of the person is most appropriately classified as

In the history of public health, as a part of modern medicine, the following four distinct phases can be demarcated:

1. Health for All phase
2. Health promotional phase
3. Disease control phase
4. Social engineering phase

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence of the phases in chronological order (from the oldest to the newest)?

The combi-pack approved by the DGHS for medical method of MTP in the first trimester comprises of which one of the following combinations?

According to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2021, MTP for pregnancy between 20 to 24 weeks needs opinion of

Laparoscopic tubal sterilization can be done after

Which of the following statements regarding lactational amenorrhea method are correct?

1. It is equally effective in amenorrheic as well as menstruating woman if the woman is exclusively breastfeeding.
2. The risk of pregnancy in amenorrheic woman who is exclusively breastfeeding is less than 2% in the first 6 months.
3. It requires exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.
4. The failure rate for exclusively breastfeeding and menstruating women is 15-20%.

Select the answer using the code given below

After undergoing vasectomy, how many ejaculations and months are required for a man to become sterile?

Which of the following statements regarding progesterone-only pills are correct?

1. They contain high-dose proges-terone as there is no estrogen component
2. They do not have on and off regimen
3. They can be used with hepatic enzyme inducing drugs
4. The failure rate is 0-3 to 2 per hundred women-years of use

Select the answer using the code given below.

Consider the following conditions in a woman of reproductive age group:

1. Diabetes with retinopathy
2. Age 36 years, non-smoker
3. Liver adenoma
4. History of stroke

Which of the above are absolute contraindications for using combined oral contraceptive pills?

In postpartum period, the intrauterine device may be inserted in the woman

If 100 couples have used a method for a period of 2 years and have resulted in 10 pregnancies, what will be the effectiveness of the method used?

Consider the following surgical methods:

1. Haultain's method
2. Gilliam's operation
3. Spinelli's operation
4. Cutting anterior cervical ring

Which of the methods given above may be used for surgical management of chronic uterine inversion?

Consider the following regarding the steps in Fothergill repair surgery for uterine prolapse:

1. Plication of Mackenrodt's ligament in front of the cervix
2. Shortening of uterosacral ligaments
3. Plication of Mackenrodt's ligament behind the cervix
4. Amputation of the cervix

Which of the above steps form a part of steps in Fothergill repair surgery for uterine prolapse?

Which one of the following states the diagnostic criteria for postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia?

Point A in radiotherapy in carcinoma cervix marks the site for which of the following structures?

The most common site for vulvar carcinoma is

Kit 6 used in syndromic management of STI/RTI includes which one of the following drug combinations?

The drug of choice for treatment of chlamydial cervicitis is

Which one of the following statements is true regarding genital tuberculosis?

Consider the following diagnostic criteria for acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):

1. Lower abdominal tenderness
2. Oral temperature >38 °C
3. Adnexal tenderness
4. Cervical motion tenderness

Which of the above are included in the minimum criteria for diagnosis of PID?

Which one of the following statements explains self-priming of gonadotrophs?

Consider the following statements with respect to endometrial cycle:

1. The basal zone is uninfluenced by any hormone.
2. Saw-toothed glandular epithelium is seen in secretory phase.
3. Stratum compactum contains mainly the glands and less stroma.
4. Pseudostratification is seen in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

The growth and differentiation of primordial follicles is under the control of which hormone?

When does the secondary oocyte complete the second meiotic division?

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

Which one of the following statements is true regarding neurovascular anatomy of the uterus?

Consider the following statements regarding vaginal epithelium in adult female:

1. From puberty till menopause, the vaginal epithelium is devoid of any gland.
2. The basal epithelial layer contains glycogen.
3. Intermediate and superficial cells become continuous with those covering vaginal portion of cervix.
4. Unlike skin, it does not contain hair follicle.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Early-onset fetal growth restriction is diagnosed before

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

The next step to follow for a mother with Rh-negative pregnancy and antibody titre above critical level (husband Rh-positive) is

A primigravida comes to antenatal clinic at 6 weeks of pregnancy and mentions that she is a known case of epilepsy and is taking antiepileptic drug tablet valproate since two years. What will be your next step regarding her medication?

A primigravida comes to antenatal clinic for a routine antenatal visit. When should she be screened for diabetes in pregnancy?

Which one of the following parameters precisely defines grade 3 abruptio placentae?

Consider the following abnormalities in a woman with preeclampsia:

1. Platelet count less than 1 lakh/cumm
2. Serum creatinine > 1.1 mg/dL
3. Pulmonary edema
4. Proteinuria > 1 g per day

Which of the above describe severe features of preeclampsia?

A mother presents on day 8 of normal vaginal delivery with painful left breast, fever with chills. On examination, her left breast is tender and red with raised local temperature. What should be the line of management?

Which one of the following correctly defines puerperal pyrexia?

Which of the following are positive indicators for breech vaginal delivery?

Consider the following statements regarding the WHO Labour Care Guide for labour monitoring:

1. Active phase starts from 5 cm of cervical dilatation.
2. There is fixed rate for dilatation for every hour of labour in active phase.
3. There are no alert or action lines on the partograph.
4. There is a separate section for intensive monitoring for second stage of labour as well.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Consider the following statements regarding the cause for onset of labour:

Statement 1:

Alteration in estrogen-progesterone ratio results in prostaglandin synthesis and onset of labour.

Statement 2:

Sulfate Decreased fetal production of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S) and cortisol inhibits the conversion of fetal pregnenolone to progesterone.

Which one of the following is correct with respect to the above statements?

As per the WHO recommendations, all of the following may be given for active management of third stage of labour, except

Consider the following statements regarding chorionic villus sampling (CVS) used for prenatal diagnosis:

1. It is done between 15 to 20 weeks of gestation.
2. Amniotic fluid studies give earlier diagnosis of prenatal genetic conditions than chorionic villus sampling.
3. Limb reduction deformity is low when CVS is performed after 9 completed weeks of gestation.
4. Inj. Anti-D 50 microgram should be administered following this procedure in an Rh-negative mother.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Which one of the following sets of vaccines is contraindicated in pregnancy?

A 25-year-old motorcycle rider is brought to the emergency with history of motor vehicle accident. On examination, the patient is tachycardic (pulse 110/min) with a BP of 90 systolic. He has an open wound in the thigh with an estimated blood loss of 1000 mL. What is the severity of haemorrhagic shock this patient is suffering from?

Which of the following gastrointestinal secretions normally do not contain bicarbonate?

1. Stomach
2. Saliva
3. Duodenal
4. Ileal

Select the correct answer using the code given below

The type of suture technique shown in the following diagram is

Which of the following parameters are assessed during preoperative airway assessment for a surgical patient?

1. Mouth opening
2. Ability to protrude the jaw
3. Thyromental distance
4. Cervicomental distance

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Which one of the following imaging modalities imparts the highest dose of ionizing radiation to the patient?

Which of the following are the important parameters to be maintained in a patient with head trauma?

1. MAP 70-80 mm Hg (mean arterial pressure)
2. Intracranial pressure < 20 mm Hg
3. Cerebral perfusion pressure > 60 mm Hg
4. Na > 140 mEq/L

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The type of fracture marked with arrow heads in the following figure is:

A 25-year-old motorcycle rider is brought to the emergency with history of motor vehicle accident. On primary survey, he is found to open eyes in response to pain, speaking inappropriate words and localizes pain. His Glasgow Coma Scale score is

A young lady is brought to emergency department following stab injury to right chest. She is gasping for breath, with tachypnoea, distended neck veins and tracheal shift to left on examination. There is hyperresonance and absent breath sounds on right hemithorax. The most probable diagnosis is

The maximum dose of Lidocaine (without adrenaline) for local anaesthesia is

All of the following are causes of acute red eye, except

All of the following are causes of secondary osteoarthritis of the hip, except

Consider the following statements regarding flail chest:

1. Three or more ribs are fractured at two or more places.
2. The chest wall shows paradoxical motion.
3. An X-ray chest AP view is the gold standard for diagnosis.
4. Treatment involves oxygen support, analgesia and physiotherapy.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

The procedure shown in the following images is

Astrocytomas are associated with all of the following syndromes, except

The principle of adaptation shown in the following diagram is explained by

The clinical condition shown in the image is

A patient of blunt trauma to the abdomen a is being explored in the emergency. Intraoperatively non-expanding haematoma is seen lifting the descending colon. What is the appropriate management of this patient?

A 40-year-old male patient has undergone a surgical procedure for a swelling in his left groin. The image of the procedure is as shown. What procedure has been performed?

A 42-year-old lady underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was uneventful other than some spillage of bile and gallstones during dissection. Postoperatively the patient was fine but she started complaining of right shoulder tip pain and developed high grade fever on the 3rd postoperative day. Her pulse was found to be 110/min and RR 20/min. The most likely diagnosis is

Which of the following are the common complications after splenectomy?

1. Pancreatic fistula
2. Thrombocytopenia
3. Opportunistic infection
4. Left basal atelectasis

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The manoeuvre (marked with an asterisk) shown in the following image is:

A trainee surgeon is performing his/her first cholecystectomy. The area marked with an asterisk in the diagram represents

Which one of the following statements regarding peptic ulceration is not correct?

The line diagram shows the cross-section of bowel intussusception. The part marked with an asterisk is called as

Which one of the following is the most common benign liver lesion?

Which one of the following statements regarding choledochal cyst is not correct?

A 45-year-old lady presents with a hard lump in the left breast. On examination, the lump is found to be 4 cm x 6 cm in size, not fixed to the skin, but fixed to the underlying pectoralis major muscle. The T stage of this is

A 29-year-old lady presents with a history of discharge from the nipple of the left breast since 1 month duration. Which one of the following is not warranted in the initial assessment of this patient?

A 40-year-old female presents with symptoms heat intolerance, excessive sweating and weight loss since 10-12 months. After clinical examination, the surgeon orders an investigation which is as shown in the image. The scan shown below is a/an

A 52-year-old carpenter presents with the history of a persistent non-healing ulcer on his lower alveolus. He is a smoker for last 30 years and also chews tobacco. What is the next most appropriate step in the management?

A patient is undergoing a surgery for removal of a benign tumour from the parotid gland. Which one of the following structures should be preserved during this surgery?

The typical ulcer as shown in the following diagram is seen in

The classical presentation of an acute embolic occlusion in a limb includes all of the following, except

Which of the following are the causes of secondary lymphoedema?

1. Trauma
2. Deep venous thrombosis
3. Fungal infection
4. Viral infection

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Which one of the following statements regarding inherited cancer syndromes is not correct?

An infant is brought to the clinic by the parents with the history of a swelling in the neck since birth. On examination, the swelling is found to be soft, partially compressible and brilliantly trans-illuminant. The most likely diagnosis is

All of the following are features of a major surgical site infection (SSI), except

Which one of the following is not a wound prone to the development of tetanus?

A 50-year-old destitute is brought to the emergency with a foul-smelling wound on his left foot. On examination, the wound is seen to have maggots with a lot of necrotic tissue. What is the class of this wound according to the CDC wound classification?